Mongolia has updated it's Nationally Determined Contributions 3.0

Mongolia • Legal Alert No.01/2026 • January 2026

In Brief

Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Paris Agreement’s goal to limit global warming to 1.5°C, Parties (countries) are obligated to define climate policies and targeted measures by adopting their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and to strengthen their efforts accordingly.

In this context, the Government of Mongolia, through Resolution No. 91 dated September 10, 2025, approved the updated “Nationally Determined Contribution for the Implementation of the Paris Agreement” (NDC 3.0). This update was based on the urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions while ensuring sustainable development in key economic sectors, increasing clean energy production and consumption, and introducing technological upgrades. Consequently, Mongolia advanced its previous 2019 NDC targets and adopted NDC 3.0. 

Under NDC 3.0, Mongolia has set the following targets:

• Unconditional Target: Reduce GHG emissions by 30.3% compared to the baseline level by 2035.
• Target including forest carbon sink: Reduce net GHG emissions (emissions minus removals) by 46.3% compared to the baseline level by 2035.
• Conditional Target (including carbon sink and international support): Reduce net GHG emissions by 52.8% compared to the baseline level by 2035.

Targets and Measures for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Under NDC 3.0, Mongolia has identified unconditional measures to reduce GHG emissions across the six highest-emitting sectors. In addition, it has also outlined conditional measures that would significantly contribute to GHG emission reductions but cannot currently be implemented solely through domestic efforts. One notable feature of these conditional measures relates to pastureland. Mongolia’s entire territory includes 129,339,500 hectares of land used for grazing, and long-term research confirms that desertification, land degradation, and climate change have reduced the carbon sequestration capacity of pasture soils. The following page presents conditional and unconditional measures by sector.

Adaptation Targets and Measures

Previously, Mongolia had defined adaptation goals and measures across eight sectors. Under NDC 3.0, these have now been outlined for the following ten sectors: 1) Biodiversity 2) Water resources 3) Forest resources 4) Disaster risk management 5) Livestock and pastureland 6) Crop production 7) Public health 8) Livelihoods and social protection 9) Education 10) Culture.