Interview preparation and process
1. The key to a successful job interview is a sound presentation. So begin with yourself – a self-assessment. Analyze your:
- Strengths
- Weaknesses
- Academic performance
- Career interests
- Personal goals
- Work experiences
- Special skills
2. Be prepared to express your qualifications in an organized, logical and convincing manner. Know how your qualifications can benefit the employer.
3. Keep in mind that interviewers have been trained to ask questions designed to reveal your strong and weak points. If you complete a self-assessment, you will be better prepared for the questions the interviewer will ask and be better able to direct him or her toward your strengths, rather than your weaknesses.
4. Be prepared to tell an employer why you should be hired. With many applicants for the same job, the pressure is on you to convince the interviewer that, of all those interviewed, you are one of the best candidates. If you are not prepared to tell the employer why you should be hired, then do not expect to be hired.
5. Two cardinal rules for interview preparation:
- Be prepared
- Be positive about yourself
6. To meet these two basic rules you should know what you want to accomplish, know all you can about the employer, and know job interview procedures. Knowing what you want means “be goal oriented.” You should have some basic plan relating to the:
- Type of entry-level job you desire
- Training program desired
- Level of responsibility you want
- Work environment
- Job location
- Salary
- Advancement and long-term opportunities and how they relate to your long-term goals.
Companies look very closely at an applicant’s career goals. Know the employer. Preparation for a job interview should also involve becoming familiar with the prospective employers. Who are they? What do they do? Know their services, the types of jobs available, training programs and business locations. Read the company's brochures, annual reports, evaluations and visit their website. Investigate job trends and business forecasts for the company and its industry. Find out as much as possible about the company. Information about many employers can be found in the placement office library or on the Internet. Keep current – read Business Week, The Wall Street Journal and other business publications.
Here is some basic information that may be helpful to have about the employer:
- Size of the company
- Type and size of clients
- Potential growth
- Job descriptions
- Positions available
- Type of services
- Mentoring program
- Advancement potential
- Training programs
- Employee benefits
- Career paths
- Name of recruiter
You do not have to know everything about the company, but you should have enough information to carry on an intelligent conversation. Otherwise the interviewer may wonder about your initiative or sincerity in selecting the company for possible employment. Knowing the job interview structure assures that you will be prepared for what happens next. Surprises are great, but there is nothing as unnerving as being in a situation in which you do not know what to expect next. Don’t let that happen in your job interview. Having a working knowledge of interview structures is the key to being able to relax and be at your best in an otherwise stressful situation.
There are various types of interviews, ranging from the seemingly casual to the highly structured. The course the interview takes depends to a large extent on the personality and philosophy of the interviewer. The typical interview consists of a brief introduction, a review of your background and qualifications, a discussion matching your interests with those of the employer, and a brief wrap-up or close.
7. Your ability to market the product, “YOU” – your education, experience and potential – is in direct proportion to your level of preparation. If you don’t prepare, your interview is probably doomed to fail. Any reasonably good interviewer can immediately spot an ill-prepared job applicant. This need not and certainly should not, happen to you. With the type of competition you will face, it is your responsibility to convince the employer that you are qualified.
The purpose of the interview is to exchange information between you and the interviewer so that a preliminary decision can be made as to whether you are among the persons best qualified for the job. This decision probably hinges on what you say and how you act within the time frame of the interview. Some good advice to remember:
First impressions are important
- Arrive on time. Do not arrive too early – it is important not to appear overanxious.
- Bring a copy of your resume and unofficial transcripts with you just in case the interviewer did not receive a copy with your file from the placement office.
- Be certain you know the interviewer’s name and find out how to pronounce it if it looks difficult.
- Be alert, friendly and courteous—but not casual.
- It pays to look and act confident. When meeting the interviewer, smile and show an interest in what he or she is saying. Shake hands firmly. Smile periodically.
- At the end of your interview, thank your interviewer using his/her name and shake hands.
- Leave your interview as gracefully as you entered.
Act natural and be yourself
Do not try to role play. You will not be able to continue to role play once you start. Better to have them hire you, for you.
Attitude is a major factor
Be pleasant and easy to talk to. Don’t be afraid to tell an interviewer about yourself. Be enthusiastic without being loud. Keep your voice modulated. A “Yes” or “No” is normally an inadequate answer to a question. Take the opportunity to tell the interviewer about your goals and strong points. Perhaps an important attribute will come out that you had not previously considered.
Be completely honest
Misrepresentations are usually an attempt to hide some problem that might get in the way later. It’s better to deal with a potential problem immediately, in a straightforward manner, than to have it become a major issue later in the interview and perhaps result in making your entire interview suspect. If it is a matter of being unable to answer a question, say so. Do not bluff.
Be conscious of your personal grooming
There is no substitute for neatness. Wear a suit if at all possible. Dress in a professional manner. Remember – you’re looking for a job, not going to a party.
Your objective is to get a job
During the entire interview, always keep this primary objective foremost in your mind. If you are qualified for the job and feel you can handle it, say so. Self-confidence is rewarded initially by employer confidence in you – and later on if you are successful in your job.
The interview process begins at your placement office. To maximize your employment prospects, begin to become familiar with companies, preferably during your junior year of college.
Follow these guidelines:
- Register with your placement office at the end of your sophomore year.
- Become familiar with the placement office’s function and role.
- Determine when on-campus interviews are held.
- Determine when interview schedules are posted and refer to them frequently.
- Sign up early for interviews.
- Talk to as many firms as possible.
- Read employer literature.
- Keep your placement records up to date.
- Prepare a systematic job search plan.
- Get the best advice and assistance you can. Talk to faculty, employers and placement office staff if you have any questions.
- Become familiar with the recruiter’s name and interview location.
- Speak with recent graduates who have been through the process.
- Visit various firm websites.
In today’s job market, securing a job is a highly competitive activity. Employers seek the best qualified candidates for their limited number of openings. But being the best qualified is not enough. You must have the skills to communicate that effectively to the employer. Unfortunately, these two qualities do not automatically go hand in hand.
The job interview is the means by which you, the job applicant, and the employer come together and communicate to determine common interests. It also might be the first time you come into direct contact with each other. For these reasons the first interview is the most critical and should be the focal point of your job search.
Parts of the interview
To some extent, the format of an interview is the creation of the interviewer. No two interviews are the same. Individual personalities are bound to influence the conduct of an interview. Also, since there is a great deal of mutuality in an interview, you may directly or indirectly influence its course. The basic structure of a job interview is quite standard. A typical interview has four parts:
- Introduction - Establish rapport.
- Background - Yours. The what, why, where, when.
- Discussion - Matching needs. Yours and the employer’s.
- Close - Final questions and instructions.
The introduction
During the introduction, the interviewer notes his or her first impressions of you and makes initial judgments about your:
- Professional appearance
- Manner
- Enthusiasm
- Communication skills
The background
This is when the interviewer determines your basic qualifications for the job. He or she will try to determine if you meet or exceed the company's job requirements. While you are listening or responding to questions, the interviewer will note how you handle yourself, evaluate your qualifications and suitability for employment, and revise (or confirm) the initial judgment made during the introduction. You may have to provide answers to questions such as:
- Why would you like to work for our company?
- What are your career ambitions?
- Tell me about your work experiences. What did you gain from them?
- How did you like your university courses?
- Tell me about your extracurricular activities.
- What made you choose your major?
- What makes you think you could be successful in this job?
- What leadership experience do you have?
- What courses did you like best? Least? Why?
- What are your geographic preferences?
- How do your work experiences relate to our job opening?
- What made you choose this university?
- What do you know about our company?
- Do you plan to go to graduate school?
- What in your opinion are the personal characteristics necessary for success in your field?
- What do you want to be doing five years from now?
- What two or three things are most important to you for an initial job assignment?
- What criteria are you using to interview employers?
- What are your strengths? Weaknesses?
- How do you get along with fellow students?
- They may not ask, “Why should we hire you?” but you should be able to answer this question before the interview.
The interviewer also evaluates your ability to communicate in a clear and logical manner. He or she is also seeking clues to measure and evaluate your:
- Self-confidence
- Ability to relate to others
- Level of motivation
- Short- and long-term goals
Also under review are your statements about career ambitions. Are they balanced with your past academic performance, work experience, extracurricular activities and other interests? A good self-assessment can make you more articulate and help direct your thinking in responding to such questions.
Don’t shortchange yourself when talking about work experiences. All your work background is important, whether or not it relates to the job you seek. This includes part-time, full-time, volunteer, intern and co-op experience.
Evaluate your work experiences in terms of attributes and skills you expect to bring to your new career. Relate them in a positive manner. Remember, employers want employees who are:
- Self-starters
- Self-motivators
- Eager to work
- Adaptable
- Team players
The discussion
The discussion is a critical part of any interview. It is here that the interviewer tries to match your qualifications and career interests with the opportunities available at a company. Having read the company's literature and conducted other research on the company and the type of jobs you qualify for and are interested in, you should now be able to enter a constructive dialogue about how you can fit into – and be profitable to – the company. Sell your product – yourself.
Here you have the opportunity to ask questions, covering new information and clarifying previous points, such as:
- How long is the training program? Can an individual go through it in a shorter time? At his or her own pace? When does it begin?
- How much travel is involved?
- What are the duties and responsibilities of this job?
- What would a typical day be like?
- How often are performance evaluations conducted?
- How much contact is there with management?
- Where are the job openings located?
- What is the housing market like in the city?
- Is this job the result of expansion or new growth?
- What diversity programs does the employer have?
It’s best to avoid asking questions that can be answered by reading the company's literature. Finally, if comments on salary are to be included in the interviews, it will generally be in the discussion phase. Let the interviewer mention salary first. You should have some idea of current salary levels from discussions with placement office representatives and faculty before the interview, so the importance of salary will be minimized at this stage. The discussion is also a chance for you to point out important qualifications that the employer may have left out or passed over lightly. Do not be afraid to point them out. You may not get another chance.
The close
This is the wrap-up. If the interviewer is really excited about you, you could get a last minute “selling job” on the company. Also, ask any final questions you might have. You will get instructions about what will happen next, such as:
- Being told when you will receive a decision
- Being requested to supply additional information.
- Being invited for an office visit
- Suggesting another meeting
- Expressing no further interest
If at the conclusion of your interview you have a strong interest in the company, write to the interviewer confirming this. It is a good idea to review any strong points that came up during the interview. Demonstrate knowledge of the company or bring up new information that you believe will further demonstrate your interest.
In any event, it is always good professional manners after an interview to write a note of appreciation to the interviewer or office interview coordinator. It can be a very effective tool. Make it a short sincere statement of your appreciation for the time spent with you. Reaffirm your interest in the position or firm if that is the case. Try to get it to the interviewer that evening or the day after your interview.
Accepting an offer
- Write or call the company to inform them of your acceptance.
- Establish a starting date.
- Inform the other companies that have offered you a position of your decision.
- Inform your school’s placement office of the name of the company and the type of position.
